TELEVISION Essays (1430 words) - Communication, Digital Technology

TELEVISION TELEVISION HOW HAS IT CHANGED SINCE ITS INVENTION? How has television changed over the last 25-50 years? This question can be answered in a variety of different ways ranging from the technological changes and advances it has gone through to the question of whether it has any type of affects on the way people perceive it, or if society is manipulated by what they see on television. This report will hopefully uncover and discover television then and now. The first aspect that will be uncovered are the technological advances that television has made over the years. Naturally to see into this, we must look to how television originated. Television broadcasting was first introduced in 1936 when it was available in London. It was not until 1954 when the FCC authorized the NTSC standard for color television broadcast in the United States. The question raised at this point is what was the television actually like? How many channels were available? Naturally the availability of what we have today was unthought of and in most cases seemed impossible, but most television sets were capable of providing atleast up to four basic channels. However, these channels were only received clearly in larger cities. It was very difficult for television signals to pass through the mountains and rural areas. In order to resolve the problem what is known as cable television was introduced in 1948. The purpose of cable television was to be able to bring existing broadcast signals to rural areas with community antennas placed at high elevations, usually on mountains or on top of tall poles. Since the invention of cable television, it has grown rapidly. By 1960, there were nearly 700 cable systems. In 1971, 2,750 systems were serving almost 6 million homes. Now in the year 1999, the number has risen to more than 65 million. Of course, the invention of cable television was by far if not the only major technological development for television in the early days of television. Today, cable still continues to advance with new developments with satellites. There are over 80 different channels available to cable subscribers ranging from 24 hour music channels, 24 hour movie channels, and 24 hour news channels, and 24 news channels. In addition to being able to have these types of channels, pay television services or better known as premium channels are also associated with the advancement of cable television. These services offer a variety of popular movies, original programming and sports without commercial interruption. Soon after this, interactive television evolved. Interactive TV describes a range in two-way communication services between service providers and end users. Finally, direct broadcast satellites were introduced to further expand cable television. Direct TV and Primestar are just a few companies associated with direct broadcast satellites. It is clearly easy to figure out that television has and will continue to advance. Now that a few various technological advances and developments have been described, they must be tied into what is most important, and that is how viewer perception and societal influence has been changed from television changing over the past 25-50 years. The main change in television has become the command center of our culture. Because television is quite different from other media such as film, theater, or music, it must be examined carefully and more in depth. People go to movies to watch movies, they go to the theaters to watch plays, and they buy music to listen to it, etc. However, we go to television for almost everything. Politics, literature, music, religion, news, commerce, you name it and television has it. Therefore, this makes us known as "television people", because for anything to be legitimate, it has to come through television. Has American society become so dependent on television that in order to be an "American", you have to watch television in order to make contact with whatever is happening in the culture to be familiar with what is on the television? In other words, if we didn't have television, do you think that people wouldn't know what was going on or people wouldn't be able to follow events that we see on television? If this is the case, then how did people get by before television's invention? Television also presents us with experience in symbolic form. Is this preferable to what we used to call reality? For example, take when Mark McGuire broke the record for the most home runs, the people who were at the game to actually witness go down in the history books probably wanted to see it on television because if they didn't, they probably would feel

Canandian book publishing industry essays

Canandian book publishing industry essays As the manager of this business, it is my responsibility to create a strategy that will help Spaulding books and other small Canadian book publishing companies increase profitability. Spauldings profit margins are low, there is little capacity for expansion in the Canadian market and they are undercapitalized which makes this company a very unappealing investment for other companys to acquire. Canadas foreign ownership restrictions wont allow a foreign firm to acquire more than 25% of a Canadian publishing house. Initially these restrictions were put in place to protect small publishing houses from competition with the huge foreign conglomerates, but in fact these restrictions made it virtually impossible for Spaulding to recoup his individual investment. So without foreign competition small publishing houses will never get back the personal investment they put in to start the company. The industry right now would be virtually non-existent without the help of government subsid ies, loans and grant programs. The book publishing industry has to reach a point where it does not have to rely so heavily on government aid. Freer trade allows companies greater opportunities to eliminate issues of economies-of-scale by serving more markets. The basic factors that compel a firm to seek international trade and enter the international market are to increase profitability and to expand and reach more consumers. The larger the market is the more you create an economy of scale, in which the cost of the product is lower and the consumer base is larger. Evidence suggests that longer print runs decrease costs, larger companies with longer print runs have lower costs and fewer losses (pg.440). Canadian companies are so small they cant benefit from the same economies of scale as their American counterparts. U.S. competition is so large they can spread production costs and research and development costs over a larger...

Project Manager and the Project Management Essay

Project Manager and the Project Management - Essay Example All these were made possible by having a well planned and construction project. Introduction: The perennial contradiction created by aspirations of designers, owners and constructors have gone â€Å"mission critical’ in the recent economic times. Pressure is mounting on the owners to save time and cost in all aspects of construction, where as the designers are struggling to conserve utilization rate at satisfactory levels and contractors are trying hard to maintain cash flow and a healthy order book. The owners have always expected to have an expeditious, quality with a maximum functionality at a least capital cost. From the designer’s point of view, the owner invariably wants a good and sound design at minimum cost and often in an overly optimistic timeframe. Therefore this paper will analyze all the factors which contributed to the success or failure of this construction project based on the following three managerial primary elements which are the major determinate for the success of the construction project. Managing costs of the project, accomplished through accumulating, organising and analysing data and reporting cost time and performance information through formalised methods and structures. Managing time planning, scheduling and controlling the project to achieve the time objectives through recognised control methodologies Managing the human resource, directing and co-ordinating the administration of people involved in the project such as dispute resolution. Managing costs of the project: Contract cash flow The contractor’s business model relies heavily on cash flow, despite this key factor, subcontractor normally sign up to ‘pay only when paid’ contract provisions which severely hamper their cash flow. For contractors and designers who are so anxious in maintaining cash flow are always tempted to make low-ball bids so as to win many tenders. Before making such decision, it is advisable for these designers and contrac tors to make sure that they are properly informed on the following about; risk profile of the project, any provisions cascaded from other contracts, their liability, security required, notice period claim, warrantee provided, ramification on the mindset of staffs and the payment terms. To avoid contractors being preoccupied with money worries, owners must offer better payment terms as well as prompt payments. To the contrary, the practice where owners decide to give service providers and contractors a run around when it comes to the bona fides invoices is becoming so prevalent. In doing these, owners are unnecessarily prejudicing the survival of contractors and service providers alike. Inevitably some companies will be struggling to meet the payment schedules, and therefore in such situations, the company should seek to renegotiate the terms of payment at an earliest possible opportunity. Managing time planning, scheduling and controlling the project: Construction scheduling and upd ating The need for a well developed critical path method scheduling has become more and more pertinent in undertaking projects. The CPM schedule can greatly increase the chance of completion on time while minimizing the incidence of any claims. Once an appropriate CPM is in place, the following will be achieved: Improved planning ahead of

Biohacking in the mass market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Biohacking in the mass market - Essay Example This hacking ethic has resurfaced again in garages, kitchens and closets all throughout the world. In this modern world, the practice of soldering circuit boards and programming in FORTRAN has been replaced with splicing DNA and cloning bacteria. These practices in particular are referred to, what is called in today’s world, as bio-hacking. Bio-hackers involved with this practice, manipulate the building blocks of life thereby advancing knowledge and creating new life forms with novel purposes. As has been witnessed in the past few decades, computer hacker movement sparked a revolution in the field of computer science and information technology. The revolution increased the pace at which technology had progressed thereby permanently changing the societal landscape. Similarly, it is expected that the bio-hacker movement or rather the practice of bio-hacking will have a parallel effect on the technologies solely based on biology. These changes will not only bring about a massive development in the field of science but will also fundamentally alter human experience itself. The pioneers of this regime shift would be today’s bio-hackers. ... This is primarily because with proper information more and more people will gain expertise about this product and eventually will be able to make an informed decision regarding their usage and utility (Alba and Hutchinson, 1987). The underlying idea of this business is to distribute and install the body modifications using an agreement with a chain of tattoo studios. The product that will be offered to customers is magnetic implant which is another form of body piercing. According to Brownlie and Saren (1991, p. 35), â€Å"the marketing concept defines basic benchmarks against which marketing practice, i.e. what organizations can be judged.† In order to make a successful business venture, all those benchmarks need to be met. The result of these actions can be easily measured by the market share and profitability that the business will achieve, once it has fully implemented all the marketing strategies. One of the primary drawbacks related to this business approach is that it i s a completely unexplored area and henceforth it is going to be comparatively difficult for the owner to assess the risk associated with every operation. In addition to that, the pricing of the product will be a cause of concern as there is no relative market to compare the prices in order to set it accordingly. There is a potential failure associated with the pricing of the product. If the product is priced too high, then it will trigger a negative signal within the target market and as a result, the consumers might choose to refrain from availing products from this entity. Furthermore, another cause of failure that can be attributed to this business approach is the potential side

Evaluations on Talent Requirements, Timing of the Best Estimate and Da Coursework

Evaluations on Talent Requirements, Timing of the Best Estimate and Data for a Self Evaluation - Coursework Example OFCCP has published voluntary guidelines for self-evaluation of various compensation practices prevalent. The final set of voluntary guidelines has been published on 16th November 2004 in Federal Register. In this notice, OFCCP proposed the voluntary guidelines which need to be followed in order to prepare the compensation packages. Firstly the guidelines proposed that the contractor can choose any self-evaluation program that he considers appropriate keeping in mind the OFCCP regulations. Secondly, the voluntary guideline has outlined some general principles that need to be followed while preparing the self-evaluation program. A compliance review needs to be carried out in order to assess whether the compensation program is as per the section I of the voluntary guidelines. OPCCP analyses whether the contracts are as per the standards set in the compensation self-evaluation program. OFCCP reviews the data provided in order to find whether the contractor's compensation program meet the standard guidelines. OFCCP personnel even direct the technical issues so that the contractors prepare guidelines as per the standards set. OFCCP treats the information provided by the contractors as confidential and do not subject the information to public disclosure as per Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552. The company needs to follow the compensation guidelines in order to prepare the compensation project. The company needs to analyze the expected value gained by the company as a result of following the compensation guidelines. A self-evaluation needs to be performed on the employees who are â€Å"similarly situated†. Employees can be placed in the same SSEG if they are performing similar tasks and occupying similar responsibility position. In order to carry out self-evolution the documents required, must justify and explain its decisions in the respect of the SSEG. Data is used for the purpose of statistical analysis for the next 2 years and this helps in preparing an effective compensation package (Balsam, 2002, p.35). The contractor must make all the documentation and data referenced as per section IE of the voluntary guidelines.  

Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching for Medical Student

Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching for Medical Student CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data collected to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding successful ventilation with the I-gel and Laryngeal mask Airway among the paramedical students. The purpose of the analysis is to reduce the data as manageable and interpretable form, so that the research problem can be suited and tested. The collected data are tabulated, organized and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Section–A: Distribution of paramedical students according to their selected demographic variables. Section-B: Distribution of paramedical students according to pretest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Distribution of paramedical students according to pretest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Section-C: Distribution of paramedical students according to posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Distribution of paramedical students according to posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Comparison between the pretest and posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Comparison between the pretest and posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Area wise comparison between the pretest and the posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Area wise comparison between the pretest and the posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Comparison between the pretest and the posttest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Section-D: Effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Relationship between pretest and posttest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Association between the pretest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students and their selected demographic variables. Section A Distribution of paramedical students according to their demographic variables. Table 4.1: The frequency and percentage distribution of paramedical students according to their selected demographic variables. n=50 S.No Demographic variables f % 1 Age in years 17-19 20-22 23-25 22 23 5 44 46 10 2 Gender Male Female 34 16 68 32 3 Religion Hindu Muslim Christian Any other 31 12 7 0 62 20 18 0 4 Category of course of study B.Sc Critical care B.Sc physician assistant 31 19 62 38 5 Previous knowledge Yes No 40 10 80 20 6 If yes how did you obtain information By attending classes By attending airway management courses Through television Through internet 22 7 9 2 48 16 22 14 Table-4.1 Table 4.1 describes that distribution of paramedical students according to their demographic variables. According to their age most of the paramedical students, 22(44%) are in the age group of 17-19 years, 23(46%) are aged between 20-22 years and 5(10%) are aged between 23-25 years. Among 50 paramedical students according to their gender, majority of the paramedical students 34(68%) are male and 16(32%) of them are female. Among 50 paramedical students according to their religion, majority of the paramedical students 31(62%) are Hindus and 12(20%) of them are Muslim. 7(18%) paramedical student is Christian and none of the paramedical students belong to other religion category. Paramedical students according to their category of course of study, 31(62%) of them studying in Bachelor of Science in Critical Care, 19(38%) of them studying in Bachelor of Science in Physician Assistant. Paramedical students according to their previous knowledge regarding airway management, more than half of the paramedical students 40(80%) has previous knowledge regarding airway management and 10(20%) of paramedical students do not have previous knowledge regarding airway management. Paramedical students according to their previous knowledge regarding airway management, among 40 paramedical students, who have previous knowledge regarding airway management, more than half of them 22(48%) have gained knowledge by attending classes, 7(16%) have gained knowledge by attending airway management classes, 9(22%) have gained knowledge through television, 2(14%) of them have gained knowledge through internet. Section-B a) Distribution of paramedical students according to pretest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Figure-4.1: Percentage distribution of paramedical students according to pretest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. The above bar diagram shows that 34(68%) paramedical students have inadequate knowledge, 16(32%) paramedical students have moderately adequate knowledge and none of them have adequate knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their pretest. b) Distribution of paramedical students according to pretest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Figure-4.2: Percentage distribution of paramedical students according to pretest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. The above bar diagram shows, among 50 paramedical students none of the paramedical students have good skill, 15(30%) paramedical students have average skill and 35(70%) of them have poor skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their pretest. Section: C a) Distribution of paramedical students according to posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Figure-4.3: Percentage distribution of paramedical students according to posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. The above bar diagram shows that 42(84%) paramedical students have adequate knowledge and 8(16%) of them have moderately adequate knowledge regarding I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. None of them have inadequate knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their posttest. b) Distribution of paramedical students according to posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. Figure-4.4: Percentage distribution of paramedical students according to posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway. The above bar diagram shows, among 50 paramedical students none of them have poor skill, 7(14%) of them have average skill 43(86%) of them have good skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their posttest. c) Comparison between the pretest and posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Figure: 4.5 Percentage distributions according to their pretest and posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students The above bar diagram shows that 34(68%) paramedical students have inadequate knowledge, 16(32%) paramedical students have moderately adequate knowledge and none of them have adequate knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their pretest, Where as in post test, 42(84%) paramedical students have adequate knowledge and 8(16%) of them have moderately adequate knowledge, none of them have inadequate knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway when compared with pretest. Hence it highlights that there is a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway is improved compared to pre test. d) Comparison between the pretest and posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Figure: 4.6 Percentage distributions according to their pretest and posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. The above bar diagram shows, among 50 paramedical students none of the paramedical students have good skill, 15(30%) paramedical students have average skill and 35(70%) of them have poor skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their pretest. Where as in the posttest, none of them have poor skill, 7(14%) of them has average skill 43(86%) of them have good skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway in their posttest and compared with posttest. Hence it highlights that there is a significant improvement in the skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway was improved in the posttest, when compared to pre test. e) Area wise comparison between the pretest and the posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Table – 4.2: Mean, standard deviation, mean percentage and difference in mean percentage of pretest and posttest scores on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students in pretest and posttest. n=50 Area wise Maximum score Pretest Posttest Difference in mean % Mean S.D Mean% Mean S.D Mean % General information 9 5.9 1.55 65.5 8.08 0.71 89.7 24.2 I-gel 9 3.78 1.65 42 6.54 1.51 72.6 30.6 Laryngeal Mask Airway 12 5.26 1.77 43.8 8.96 1.29 74.6 30.8 Overall 30 14.94 4.97 151.3 23.58 3.51 236.9 85.6 The above table shows that, in area of general information the pre test mean score is 5.9 ±1.55 and mean percentage is 65.5, where as in the post test mean score is 8.08 ±0.71 and mean percentage is 89.7. This reveals that the difference in mean percentage is 24.2. In the area of I-gel the pre test mean score is 3.78 ±1.65 and mean percentage is 42, where as in the post test mean score is 6.54 ±1.51 and mean percentage is 72.6. This reveals that the difference in mean percentage is 30.6. In the area of Laryngeal mask airway the pre test mean score is 5.26 ±1.77 and mean percentage is 43.8, where as in the post test mean score is 8.96 ±1.29 and mean percentage is 74.6. This reveals that the difference in mean percentage is 30.8. In the pretest, the overall mean score is 14.94 ±4.97. In the pretest, the highest mean score is achieved in the general information with the score of 5.9 ±1.55. It reveals that difference in mean percentage is 24.2. In the post test, overall mean score is 23.58 ±3.51. The highest score is achieved in the Laryngeal Mask Airway with the score of 8.96 ±1.29. The overall difference in mean percentage is 85.6. The mean difference reveals that there is significant improvement in the knowledge in post test. f) Area wise comparison between the pretest and the posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Table – 4.3: Mean, standard deviation, mean percentage and difference in mean percentage of pretest and posttest scores on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students in pretest and posttest n=50 Area wise Maximum score Pretest Posttest Difference in mean % Mean S.D Mean % Mean S.D Mean % I-gel 14 7.08 1.03 50.5 12.08 1.33 86.2 35.7 Laryngeal Mask Airway 16 7.82 1.19 48.8 13.54 1.43 84.6 35.8 Overall 30 14.9 2.22 99.3 25.62 2.76 170.8 71.5 The above table shows that In the area of I-gel the pre test mean score is 7.08 ±1.03 and mean percentage is 50.5, where as in the post test mean score is 612.08 ±1.33 and mean percentage is 86.2. This reveals that the difference in mean percentage is 35.7. In the area of Laryngeal mask airway the pre test mean score is 7.82 ±1.19 and mean percentage is 48.8, where as in the post test mean score is 13.54 ±1.43 and mean percentage is 84.6. This reveals that the difference in mean percentage is 35.8. In the pretest, over all mean score is 14.9 ±2.22. The higher percentage of the pretest is achieved in the Laryngeal Mask Airway, where the mean score is 7.82 ±1.19 with the difference in mean percentage of 35.8. In the post test, the overall mean score was 25.62 ±2.76. The highest mean score is achieved in the area of laryngeal mask airway with the score of 13.54 ±1.43. The overall difference in mean percentage is 71.5. This reveals that there is significant improvement in the post test on skill than the pretest. g) Comparison between the pretest and the posttest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Table – 4.4: Comparison between the mean, SD, mean difference of pretest and the post test scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway Among the paramedical students. n=50 S.No Variables Maximum score Pretest Posttest Difference in mean % Mean S.D Mean% Mean S.D Mean % 1 Knowledge 30 14.94 2.99 49.8 23.58 2.50 78.6 28.8 2 Skill 30 14.9 1.72 49.7 25.62 2.31 85.4 35.7 The above table shows that in pretest, the knowledge mean score is 14.94 ±2.99 and the mean percentage is 49.8%. Where is posttest, the knowledge mean score is 23.58 ±2.50 and the mean percentage is 78.06%. The difference in mean percentage between the pretest and the posttest was 28.8%. In pretest, the skill mean score is 14.9 ±1.72 and the mean percentage is 49.7%. Where is posttest, the skill mean score is 25.62 ±2.31 and the mean percentage is 85.4%. The difference in mean percentage between the pretest and the posttest is 35.7%. It shows that in posttest there is significant improvement in knowledge and skill when compared to the knowledge and skill in pretest. Section D a) Effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Table – 4.5: The mean, SD and ‘t’ value on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students in pretest and posttest. n=50 S.No Variables Maximum score Pretest Posttest Paired ‘t’ value Df Mean SD Mean SD 1 Knowledge 30 14.94 2.99 23.58 2.50 15.74 49 2 Skill 30 14.9 1.72 25.62 2.31 30.63 *significant at p≠¤0.05 level Table value: 2.02 The above table shows the pre test knowledge Mean score is 14.94 ±2.99 and the posttest knowledge mean score is 23.58 ±2.50. The Skill mean score in the pretest is 14.9 ±1.72 and the posttest skill mean score is 25.62 ±2.31. The Obtained‘t’ value for knowledge and skill is 15.74 and 30.63 respectively, which is significant at p≠¤0.05 level. Hence the hypothesis H1 was retained. Thus it becomes evident that Video Assisted Teaching Programme is effective in improving the knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among the paramedical students b) Relationship between pretest and posttest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students Table – 4.6: Correlation between the pretest and the post test scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among the paramedical students. n=50 S.No Group Knowledge Skill ‘r’ Mean SD Mean SD 1 Pretest 14.94 2.99 14.9 1.72 0.41 2 Posttest 23.58 2.50 25.62 2.31 0.65 The above table shows that, in the pretest mean score of knowledge and skill is 14.94 ±2.99 and 14.9 ±1.72 respectively, ‘r’ value was 0.41. The posttests mean score of knowledge and skill is 23.58 ±2.50 and 25.62 ±2.31 respectively, ‘r’ value is 0.65. This reveals that there is positive correlation between the pretest and the posttest knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students. Hence the formulated hypothesis H2 was retained at p≠¤0.05 level. c) Association between the pretest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students and their selected demographic variables. Table – 4.7: Chi Square test on the knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among the Paramedical Students with their selected Demographic Variables. n=50 S.No Demographic variables à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 Df Table value 1 Age 2.76 2 5.99 2 Gender 0.06 1 3.84 3 Religion 2.21 3 7.82 4 Category of course 0.001 1 3.84 5 Previous knowledge 0.023 1 3.84 6 If yes how did you obtain information 1.60 3 7.82 *significant at p≠¤0.05 level The above table shows that there is no association between pretest score on knowledge regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students and their selected demographic variables such as Age, gender, religion, category of course of study, and previous knowledge. Hence the research hypothesis H3 was rejected at p≠¤0.05 level. Table – 4.8: Chi square test on the skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among Paramedical Students with their selected demographic variables. n=50 S.No Demographic variables à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 Df Table value 1 Age 0.27 2 5.99 2 Gender 0.63 1 3.84 3 Religion 1.04 3 7.82 4 Category of course 0.03 1 3.84 5 Previous knowledge 0.59 1 3.84 6 If yes how did you obtain information 1.18 3 7.82 *significant at p≠¤0.05 level The above table shows that there is no association between pretest score on skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students and their selected demographic variables such as Age, gender, religion, category of course of study, and previous knowledge. Hence the research hypothesis H3 was rejected at p≠¤0.05 level. Summary: This chapter deals with the data analysis and interpretation in the form of statistical values based on the objectives, frequency and percentage on the knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among paramedical students and their selected demographic variables analyzed. The‘t’ test is done to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among Paramedical Students. The chi-square analysis is used to find out the association between the pretest scores on knowledge and skill regarding successful ventilation with I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway among the Paramedical students and the selected demographic variables.

Paula Jones Lawsuit Against Bill Clinton :: Free Essays

Paula Jones' Lawsuit Against Bill Clinton A lawsuit has been filed by Paula Jones, a clerk for the Arkansas Industrial Development Commission, for sexual harassment by then Governor Clinton. In her lawsuit, Paula Jones states that Clinton told an Arkansas State trooper to escort her to a private hotel room where she claims that she was sexually harassed. There are two sides to this case: Clinton states that he did not do it and that he has never seen this person before. Clinton's lawyers say that forcing the president of the United States to answer to a lawsuit will distract him for his already hard and time-consuming job. On the other hand, Paula Jones says that "no one is above the law," not even the President of the United States. What she wants most is for the truth to come out and for her story to be heard. "In no way is she looking for her fifteen minutes of fame," Jones says. The case is going before the Supreme Court to decide whether to reverse the decision of the two lower courts and delay the sexual harrassment lawsuit until President Clinton leaves office. It could be months before the verdict from the Supreme Court will be announced. I believe that the case should be held at a later date when President Clinton is no longer in office. It takes away from his job which is to run the United States of America. Fifteen years ago, the Supreme Court blocked a damage suit against Richard Nixon with a five to four vote finding that the president is immune from being suied for his official acts. If the president gets in trouble, the whole nation is also in trouble because after all we did elect him. Our confidence in our political leaders will suffer, and out

Pressure Groups Essay

Pressure groups can influence political decisions in many ways. Pressure groups represent a particular issue/issues and tries to put pressure on the government to change laws concerning their specific interest. This can take place in several different ways but methods used by insider pressure groups are different to the ones used by outsider pressure groups. Outsider pressure groups keep their independence from the government. Because of this these pressure groups are not bound by the same code of conduct as insider pressure groups and have more freedom to protest in ways, which the Government would not approve of. Direct action is a method often used by outsider pressure groups to pressurise the Government. The types of direct action used are often illegal and dangerous. For example the Animal Liberation Group went to a mink farm and let the minks out and have also picketed laboratories and thrown stones at those who work there. Outsider pressure groups that wish to become insiders are more likely to obey the law when they are protesting so they have more of a chance of establishing links with the government and be given the insider status. However insider pressure groups tend to be subtler and clever in the way they apply Pressure to the government. Insider pressure groups tend to have an expertise in their area of interest and are able to research their issues very effectively. Insider pressure groups tend to have contacts with Government Officials and Civil Servants who they are able to use to get information. Civil Servants will also use the investigations carried out by these pressure groups to improve Bills. Because insider Pressure Groups spend a lot of time researching issue’s that they are concerned about and discuss them formally then they gain respect from the government and are more able to influence decision makers. Although insider and outsider groups use different methods to influence the government the main way is to try to get publicity for their cause and to get the public on their side. Sending letters to newspapers, marching through the streets, giving Demonstrations, leafleting and holding public meetings does this. Some pressure groups will collect signatures for a petition, which they then send to an MP to try and persuade him to bring the issue up in parliament. Margerat Ewing brought up the issue of the dumping of Nuclear waste at Dunraye in parliament to help a pressure group concerned with the problem. In the Scottish Parliament there is a special Petition Committee which investigates petitions and informs the Minister to which each petitions concerns. This an effective way of pressure as it means that the Scottish Executive will be able to find out problems and will be able to see how many people want a change in legislation to solve this problem. Pressure groups influence political decisions by using the media for publicity, using government officials and civil servants and in some cases using illegal methods to try to pressurise the Government.

Mental Health Care for Adolescents in the US Professor Ramos Blog

Mental Health Care for Adolescents in the US In the last fifty years, there has been a great amount of research that pertains to mental health. In regards to mental health, it is clear that there should be a better approach to mental health as a whole. To gain a better grasp on the lack of mental health care, it is necessary to know the trends and statistics of suicide in adolescents in the US, the role that school and family have in regards to mental health, and the programs and policies that might help treat or assist the treatment of young people affected by mental health illness. By touching on those three points, it is possible to further understand the importance of combatting the lack of mental health care in the US. To start, it is important to take a look at the statistical evidence and trends that adolescent suicide rates have been at in recent years. In the article â€Å"Increase in Suicide in the United States, 1999-2014,† Sally Curtin and her colleagues discuss the fact that suicide is an important health issue with the support of statistical evidence. Though it was believed that suicide was on a downward trend not too long ago, â€Å"suicide rates [have] increased almost steadily from 1999 through 2014† (Curtin et al. 1). With that, it is important to understand what the numbers are behind this. â€Å"From 1999 through 2014, the age-adjusted suicide rate in the United Stated increased 24% from 10.5 to 13.0 per 100,000 population.† (Curtin et al. 1). Being that there has been such a great increase in the number of suicides in the age-range of adolescents, it is clear that there must be something done to combat it as soon as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To follow, it is important to understand that there are ways to educate the youth and help treat some of their mental health needs before more serious measure must be taken. The solution may come directly from parents and schools that these young people encounter nearly every day. Throughout the article â€Å"Supporting Children’s Mental Health in School: Teacher Perception of Needs, Roles, and Barriers,† by Wendy Reinke and her colleagues, mental health interventions in schools are discussed in further detail. The article goes on to explain the teacher perspective and contextual influences that can explain school-based mental health practices (Reinke et al. 1). An issue that Reinke mentions is that many students are not treated at all (1). In some cases, it is because their mental health issues are not noticed (Reinke et al. 1). However, in other cases, it is because there is no real mental health care provided for them (Rei nke et al. 1). As a result of the recent research regarding the mental health concerns of these young people, there have been many responses to the need for a more expanded mental health service system for them. It is necessary for teachers to be educated in the field of mental health signs and symptoms. In its simplest form, school can be a stressful environment for any student, which makes it imperative for teachers to learn how to catch the mental health signs themselves. After further research, Reinke found that â€Å"an overwhelming majority [of teachers] agreed that schools should be involved† (6). The research also found that only 6% of teachers disagreed (Reinke et al. 6). So, as it seems, it is clear that people are on board for mental health intervention in schools. There just needs to be more initiative to make it all happen. Next, it is crucial to discuss how the stigma attached to mental health care affects people. First off, the stigma attached to mental health care will be explained in further detail. In an article called â€Å"How Stigma Interferes With Mental Health Care† by Patrick Corrigan, the stigma is explained thoroughly. Corrigan goes on to explain that there are two stigmas which have directly affected persons seeking mental health care. The first stigma discussed is â€Å"Public-Stigma.† The public-stigma stereotype, which often comes along with mental health, is that â€Å"[a]ll people with mental health illness are dangerous† (Corrigan 617). With a more in-depth range of knowledge, it is obvious that this is not true. However, the judgement placed on people with mental health illnesses is not helped at all by the public-stigma discrimination that comes along with ignorance. In many cases, people immediately jump to the conclusion that â€Å"[they] do not want to be near [people with mental health illnesses]† (Corrigan 617). This is why people often do not reach out. Most times, it is because they do not want to be judged by others. The second stigma that is brought forth is â€Å"Self-stigma.† The self-stigma stereotype, which is most often believed, is that â€Å"[a]ll people with mental health illness are incompetent† (Corrigan 617). This, however, is not the case. There are countless people who have been successful in their lives regardless of their mental health illnesses. As seen, it is important to understand that stereotypes and discrimination are some of the driving forces behind people not seeking mental health care. This is why it is important to try to break the stigma down and help people see that it is okay to be treated for mental health illness. Lastly, there are many new policies that help people get treatment and receive the services that are needed at an affordable rate. In an article by Kirsten Berenio and her colleagues, the Affordable Care Act is explained in great detail. The article explains that the Affordable Care Act â€Å"requires group health plans and insurers that offer mental health and substance use disorder benefits to provide coverage that is comparable to coverage for general medical and surgical care† (Berenio et al. 1). With the passing of this new act in 2014, it is possible for people, who would have not been able to financially afford healthcare, to receive mental health care and be treated by healthcare professionals. The Affordable Care Act can be one of the most influential acts, which has been implemented into the past fifty years, if it can be utilized to its maximum potential, help to eliminate the stigma attached to mental health care, and help to reverse the trends of suicide in the US. To close, there are many aspects that go into mental health care in the US. Being that there are educational gaps, social stigmas, and even financial barriers, it is imperative that something must be done to stop adolescent trends of mental health illness from climbing any further. This is possible if people, who are equipped with the right knowledge, reach out and take a step towards providing better mental health care for people in need. It is not easy for some with a mental health illness to seek help. Because of that, it is always good to assist them in finding treatment as needed. Mental health illness is something that cannot be taken lightly. With the lack of mental health care that exist today, many people have taken their own lives as a result. Suicide is a top ten cause of death in the US and is unacceptable. By taking a stand and supporting those who suffer, hopefully the rates of suicide can decrease in the future. Beronio, Kirsten, et al. Affordable Care Act will expand mental health and substance use disorder benefits and parity protections for 62 million Americans.Mental Health2 (2014). Corrigan, Patrick. How stigma interferes with mental health care.American psychologist59.7 (2004): 614. Curtin, Sally C., Margaret Warner, and Holly Hedegaard. Increase in suicide in the United States, 1999–2014. (2016). OCarroll, Patrick W., Lloyd B. Potter, and James A. Mercy. Programs for the prevention of suicide among adolescents and young adults.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports(1994): 1-7. Reinke, Wendy M., et al. Supporting childrens mental health in schools: Teacher perceptions of needs, roles, and barriers.School Psychology Quarterly26.1 (2011): 1.

verbal 4 Essay Example

verbal 4 Essay Example verbal 4 Paper verbal 4 Paper rendering even the most impassioned pleas superfluous. Answers: (A), (D) The mayors supporters could not defend the mayors actions, because her actions were so flagrant. The keywords rendering evensuperfluous support this interpretation (A) indefensible works well (B) unimpeachable means cannot be criticized (C) deceitful could work. However, there are no similar answers (D) untenable means incapable of being defended or justified (E) selfish does not capture the extremely negative context of the sentence (F) aboveboard means open, honest By the beginning of the 20th Century, piano pedagogy had advanced fingering technique to such a degree that even students with a ____________ were able, with targeted practice, to execute thorny passages, while exuding the ____________ of a polished salon pianist. Blank (i) modicum of dexterity semblance of pitch consummate technicality Blank (ii) superciliousness sanguineness aplomb Answers: (A), (F) Advanced to such a degree, even students suggests that the students did not need consummate technicality but only a (A) modicum of dexterity. That even average pianists can play difficult pieces is reinforced by the second part of the sentence. Here, they are compared to polished pianists. (F) aplomb means confidence, especially in a demanding situation. (D) supercilious is a strongly negative word, which means looking down at others with scorn. There are no words in the sentence to support such a negative word. Again, the contrast is between really tough piano passages, and the fact that they can be played well by those who arent even that skilled (thanks to piano pedagogy). (E) sanguineness may be tempting, since it is a positive word (it means cheerfulness). This word doesnt quite capture how we would describe a polished pianist playing, the way that (F) aplomb does. Imperilled by excessive logging activity, the Canadian snow goose is unusually sensitive to any encroachments into its territory, displaying a(n) ______________ rare amongst waterfowl. Answers: (B), (E) unusually sensitive to suggests that goose is going to act in a territorial manner and display aggression. (B) and (E) match up nicely. (C) and (D), while negative, does not quite fit the context. There is nothing suggesting that the goose would act in a proud manner. What is the greatest novel of all-time? Many top-100 lists have been proffered, purporting to resolve this very issue. Yet the ____________ those compiling these rankings suggests that any definitive list is not ____________. Blank (i) consensus amongst divergence of opinion of collective repute Blank (ii) far off forthcoming laudable Purporting to resolve implies that the issue of the best has not been resolved. (B) gives us a reason a definitive list has not been offered. Not forthcoming means not imminent or about to happen. (F) laudable, meaning praiseworthy, is not supported by the context How would the author of the passage rebut the contention that the reader can arbitrarily impute negative qualities or characteristics to the writer? The writer, through his or her works, is the one who creates a fabricated image of him- or herself. The reader can be mistaken in his or her perception of the writers inner life. Often the author is very similar to the person he or she projects on the page. The writer changes too often for a reader to have a solid grasp as to who the writer really was. Our figments can often misrepresent the writers literary aims. Answer: (A) According to the passage, I do not meanattributing qualities. Then the author adds, It is Woolf who makes herself up, which lends support to (A). The idea expressed in (B) can be supported by the passage. That said, it does not answer the question and is thus incorrect. (C) has a general ring of truth to it. However, nowhere is it supported in the passage. (D) falls into the same category as (C). (B) sounds plausible, but is nowhere supported in the passage.

A case study on the murder of Zahid Mubarak, in a young offenders Essay

A case study on the murder of Zahid Mubarak, in a young offenders institute feltham - Essay Example Black inmates felt that they were being â€Å"stereotyped† as being more aggressive and violent and blamed for bullying than their white counterparts. There was also an uncanny tendency among the prison officials to think of â€Å"Blacks† as either drug peddlers or drug takers and there was twice the tendency for them to be tested for drugs than the white inmates. Many of the Black inmates complained that the Black and Ethnic minorities prison officers â€Å"turned a blind eye† to this racial discrimination in order to fit in or be in par with the white officers. Stewart was shifted to Feltham just at a time when it was overcrowded with prisoners and it did not have the necessary staff to cope with the ever growing population. On the whole Feltham was being asked to do too much with too little resources. Moreover the prison also suffered badly from institutional racism and the staff was poorly equipped to deal with it. The case highlights the brutal character of Juvenile detention as well as the criminal tactics used by the ever-growing number of alienated and disturbed youth. Feltham is a prime example of the corrosive atmosphere exists throughout Britain’s penal system, especially in youth detention Institutions. In March 1999, Sir David Ramsbotham, the chief inspector of prisons surveyed the deplorable conditions at Feltham and stated that it was â€Å"totally unacceptable†. The care of those in remand and those boys below eighteen were described by him as â€Å"institutionalized deprivation†. More than 5,000 prisoner to prisoner assaults had taken place over the last ten years. Feltham had seven suicides within the institution and four governors in the past six months. Further investigation by Ramsbotham revealed that young prisoners were spending long hours in their cells. The average activity time spent by the detainees was around 15 hours a week. Out of

The Reality of Work Cultures in the Modern Economy Essay - 1

The Reality of Work Cultures in the Modern Economy - Essay Example Protestant work ethic and its impact upon the lives and attitudes to work of employees Sennett refers in his book to the Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as to an important illustration of two contrary ethical standards: self-fashioning and self-discipline (1998, 102). Based on this book, the Protestant work ethic implies that employees should not harry with their desire for self-fulfillment and gratification, rather, they should delay this desire to the end. According to the Protestant concept which is based on the religious pillars, people should have practiced self-denial in the present and sacrifice themselves every day thus proving their worthiness in the sight of God (Sennett 1998, 103). This ideology has been transformed into the â€Å"worldly asceticism† and in the workplaces people were focused on saving instead of spending, pursuing the long-term result and achievements (Sennett 1998, 103). Discipline as an act of self-punishment also was an integral element of the Protestant’s work ethic. The Protestant emplo yee was taking fully a responsibility for his/her lived time and judged morally based on this key criterion. Based on this concept every individual was morally responsible for the time and quality of work he/she performed during the working hours as well as for time he/she spent out of work: at home, with family and children, sleeping, having a rest, etc.